近日来自香港大学、汕头大学医学院、杜克-新加坡大学医学研究院、牛津大学等研究机构的研究人员在猪流感病毒的长期进化与传播动态研究中取得突破性进展,研究结果表明牲猪运输推动猪流感病毒跨地域传播,与当地的病毒混合形成新的流感病毒,从而导致了猪流感病毒的多样性。这一研究成果发表在最新一期的《自然》(Nature)杂志上。
论文的通讯作者是香港大学“新发传染病疾病国家重点实验室”主任、微生物学系管轶教授。管轶教授是当今流感病毒国际权威专家。2003年SARS肆虐期间,正是他首次分离获得了非典病原。近年来在动物流感病毒研究中不断取得重大成果,先后在Nature、PNAS、Journal of Virology等国际权威期刊上发表多篇病毒相关论文。并三次登上美国《时代》周刊,被评为全球18名医疗英雄之一。
“过去的大多数研究报道主要聚焦于与农场动物紧密接触之人,”香港大学Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran博士说:“我们的研究证实在过去的三十年里猪与人之间的传播风险并没有显著地增加,主要改变的是猪流感病毒的多样性。此外研究结果还表明牲猪的运输可能是导致猪流感病毒跨地域传播的重要原因。”
在这篇文章中,研究人员针对12年间在中国南方进行系统监测收集到的650个猪流感分离菌种和800个猪血清样本,以及过去34年所收集到的其他猪流感病毒的相关样本进行了猪流感病毒的流行病学、遗传学和抗原物质分析。研究人员在猪样本中广泛地检测到了两种H1亚型病毒和人类H3N2病毒。此外研究人员还发现了一些混合人、禽、猪三种流感病毒的毒株。在接下来的研究中,研究人员证实牲猪运输推动了猪流感病毒跨地域传播,与当地的病毒混合形成新的流感病毒,从而导致了猪流感病毒的多样性。
新研究发现描绘了中国地区猪流感的演化动态的详细画面,并为了解流感病毒进化机制提供了重要线索。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
Nature DOI:10.1038/nature10004
Long-term evolution and transmission dynamics of swine influenza A virus
Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna; Gavin J. D. Smith; Oliver G. Pybus; Huachen Zhu; Samir Bhatt; Leo L. M. Poon; Steven Riley; Justin Bahl; Siu K. Ma; Chung L. Cheung; Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera; Honglin Chen; Kennedy F. Shortridge; Richard J. Webby; Robert G. Webster; Yi Guan; J. S. Malik Peiris
Swine influenza A viruses (SwIV) cause significant economic losses in animal husbandry as well as instances of human disease1 and occasionally give rise to human pandemics2, including that caused by the H1N1/2009 virus3, 4. The lack of systematic and longitudinal influenza surveillance in pigs has hampered attempts to reconstruct the origins of this pandemic4. Most existing swine data were derived from opportunistic samples collected from diseased pigs in disparate geographical regions, not from prospective studies in defined locations, hence the evolutionary and transmission dynamics of SwIV are poorly understood. Here we quantify the epidemiological, genetic and antigenic dynamics of SwIV in Hong Kong using a data set of more than 650 SwIV isolates and more than 800 swine sera from 12?years of systematic surveillance in this region, supplemented with data stretching back 34?years. Intercontinental virus movement has led to reassortment and lineage replacement, creating an antigenically and genetically diverse virus population whose dynamics are quantitatively different from those previously observed for human influenza viruses. Our findings indicate that increased antigenic drift is associated with reassortment events and offer insights into the emergence of influenza viruses with epidemic potential in swine and humans.