The human POLR3F is a component of RNA III polymerase. RNA polymerase III transcribes many essential, small, noncoding RNAs, including the 5S rRNAs and tRNAs.  While most pol III-transcribed genes are found scattered throughout the linear chromosome maps or in multiple linear clusters, there is increasing evidence that many of these genes prefer to be spatially clustered, often at or near the nucleolus. This association could create an environment that fosters the coregulation of transcription by pol III with transcription of the large ribosomal RNA repeats by RNA polymerase I (pol I) within the nucleolus. Given the high number of pol III-transcribed genes in all eukaryotic genomes, the spatial organization of these genes is likely to affect a large portion of the other genes in a genome.  POLR3F has also been recently identified as an HIV dependency factor (HDF), suggesting that POLR3F may be an important drug target in HIV treatment.  At least two isoforms of POLR3F are known to exist.